How Does a Transformer Work?

24 April 2023

The working principle of a transformer involves the transfer of energy from one conductor to another, and this transmission process is facilitated by a magnetic flux. A transformer, consisting of two coils and a core, begins operating when voltage is applied to one of the coils wound around the core. As a result of this voltage, a magnetic flux is created, leading to the induction of voltage in the output coil.

To learn more about the working principle and structure of transformers, continue reading our article.

What Is a Transformer?

Commonly known as a “trafo,” a transformer is a machine that facilitates the transmission of electrical energy. It is used in various applications wherever there is a need for electricity, including city power grids. Different types of transformers have been developed depending on the application and requirements of the specific area. These transformer types include:

• Dry Type
• Distribution
• Power
• ONAF
• Special Type

To learn more about transformer types, visit: What Are the Types of Transformers?

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Characteristics of Transformers

The primary characteristics of transformers that take on the role of energy transmission are:

• They transfer energy from one electrical circuit to another through an electromagnetic field.
• They modify the current’s intensity, voltage, and shape as needed.
• Different types exist, such as insulation, power, and current sensing transformers.

Transformers Based on Purpose

Transformers are categorized based on their intended purposes:

• Auto Transformer
• Isolation Transformer
• Step-Down Transformer
• Step-Up Transformer
• Measurement Transformers

AUTO TRANSFORMER

This type of transformer offers high efficiency with smaller dimensions. It has only one winding that serves as both primary and secondary.

ISOLATION TRANSFORMER

Used to isolate two circuits from each other, its purpose is not voltage transformation.

STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER

Commonly used for devices like battery chargers and vacuum cleaners, the secondary winding voltage is lower than the primary winding. In other words, the output voltage signal is lower than the input voltage signal.

STEP-UP TRANSFORMER

Unlike step-down transformers, the secondary winding voltage is higher than the primary winding in step-up transformers. They are used in devices like televisions.

MEASUREMENT TRANSFORMERS

Used in places where voltage and current levels are high, they reduce voltage and current values in the secondary windings to levels suitable for measurement devices. They come in two types: current transformers and voltage transformers.

If you found the article on “How Does a Transformer Work?” satisfactory, you can also check out our article on “How Does a Transformer Work? Everything You Need to Know” for more information.